| 铜雕的辨伪离不开以下两个方面：谙熟掌握它的外型、纹饰、锈蚀、铭文、锻造等特色，了解赝品仿制造的通常办法。实践运用时还需留意以下几点：
It can not be separated from the following two aspects: familiar with its exterior, ornamentation, rust, inscriptions, forging, etc., to understand the usual methods of fake imitation manufacturing. The following points should be noted in practice:
1）从总体上掌握器物的神韵。一谈到神韵如同就觉得虚无飘渺，不可捉摸，只能意会，不可言传。本来铜雕的所谓神韵就是指它的外型纹饰的年代个性、技术水平和老化面貌（熟旧感）三个方面，具体可称为五感：年代感，精美感，熟旧感，谐调感，天然感。应该说，从神韵上最易区分真假，但是掌握神韵的难度也最大。这不只涉及文明素养、审美才能，还需要较多的理论知识和实践经历。不过功夫不负有心人，只需经常留意对什物进行观察对比接触，并加以思考、研讨、学习，日积月累，天然功到艺熟。
1) master the charm of objects in general. When it comes to verve, it feels as if it's ethereal, unpredictable, and unutterable. Original bronze series of so-called verve means it s personality from the exterior decoration, technical level and aging face (ripe old sense) three aspects, the concrete can be referred to as the five senses: s feeling, fine feeling, ripe old feeling, sense of humorous, natural feeling. It should be said that the most easily distinguishable from the charm, but the difficulty of mastering verve is also the biggest. This is not only about civility, aesthetic ability, but also more theoretical knowledge and practical experience. However, if you are willing to work hard, you need to pay attention to the observation and comparison of the things, and think, study and learn.
2）结合什物，鉴别杂乱状况，防止简略化看问题。
2) combine the objects and identify the clutter to prevent the problem from being simplified.
拿铜雕的锈迹来说，因埋藏当地的环境、土质、干湿度不同而呈现5种状况：
In the case of the bronze carving, there are 5 conditions in which the local environment, soil and humidity are different.
（1）单层锈，地子上只要一层薄锈；
(1) rust on the single layer, only a thin layer of rust on the ground;
（2）复层锈，地子上有两层或多层锈；
(2) rust on the surface of the ground, two or more layers of rust on the ground;
（3）仅有黑漆古、绿漆古这样的地子，却无锈斑，在世纪坛国宝展中就有这样的什物；
(3) only the fields of black lacquer and green lacquer have no rust, and there are such things at the national treasure exhibition at the turn of the century.
（4）既有极巩固锈，也有用手能抠掉的锈；
(4) it has both the rust and the rust that the hand can pick off;
（5）既有呈块状锈，也有呈疙瘩状锈。
(5) it has both a massive rust and a knot of rust.
3）对经历尚较短缺者来说，在伪器的外型、纹饰、锈色、地子等方面仿得较为传神，一时顾不上作全部分辨的状况下，要细察器物的技术和铜质，作为切入口。伪器通常均用黄铜制造，并且不论如何雕刻、仿照，总达不到真器的技术水平。经仔细观察，不难在伪器底足边缘及器体各棱角、棱边发现暴露的黄铜质，不难看出这些器物纹饰的失调、脆弱、生涩、板滞，不难在器物外表多处找到生硬粗糙的打磨划痕。
3), for experience is still a shortage in the shape of pseudo, decoration, rust, in aspects of imitation are more vivid, helping make resolution under the condition of all, which consider the technology and copper, as China. The counterfeits are usually made of brass, and no matter how they are carved or modeled, they cannot reach the technical level of the true machine. After careful observation, it is easy to on the edge of the false bottom of foot and body all the edges and corners, edge exposure of brassinolide, it is not hard to see these objects disorders, the fragile, crude, and grain, it is not difficult to found at many points in implements appearance stiff coarse grinding scratches. |